Homeschool - Integrated Science

 

Characteristics of Living Things

1. All living things have c_ _ _ _. 

2. All organisms respond to s _ _ _ _ _ _. 

3. What is homeostasis?

4. Why is reproduction important?

Cells

What are cells?

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells. 

An Animal Cell

A Plant Cell

Understanding PLANT Cells 

PLEASE ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES. 

1. The _________ is in charge of all cell functions. 

2. DNA holds genetic information. What do you think this means?

3. What protects the cells from the outside environment? 

4. The ____________ is a thick solution found within the membrane. 

Fun Plant Cell Facts

Plant cells are unique – Plant cells are the only known things on earth that can produce their own food by themselves.

Animals and plants are interdependent – The process of photosynthesis leaves oxygen that plants give off into the atmosphere. Animals and most of the earth’s life depend on that oxygen to live.

Plants aren’t greedy about sunlight – Of all of the energy that we get from the sun, 1/6th is used by plants and the rest goes to animals and humans in the forms of carbohydrates, sugars, and the various foods that are eaten.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food. 

Photosynthesis requires sunlight, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide gas. 

Chlorophyll is a substance in all green plants, especially in the leaves. 

Plants take in water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air.

Draw and colour this:

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 4, 2022

1. Explain the meaning of the term 'photosynthesis'. 

2. What are the essential elements needed for photosynthesis?

3. What is the function of the stomata?

4. Water ad sunlight are converted into ____________ and ____________

5. How does photosynthesis benefit the environment?

STEPS  in the Photosynthesis Process

The following are the steps involved in the photosynthesis process:

1. 1. Plants take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the tiny pores known as 'stomata present on the leaves' surface and surrounded by 'guard cells'.
2. 
   
3. 2. Plants absorb the water and minerals from the soil with deep penetrated roots inside the ground and transport them through vessels to the other parts of the plants, including the leaves, where the synthesis of food takes place.
4. 
   
5. 3. The green pigment present in the leaves known as chlorophyll helps the plant's leaves capture the sunlight that acts as the source of energy to carry out the process.
6. 
   
7. 4. Through the process of photosynthesis, oxygen is released into the atmosphere during the synthesis of food.
8. 
   
9. 5. At the end of photosynthesis, the produced energy is stored in the form of starch.

1. Which characteristic of living organisms is associated with the release of waste products?

2. Which characteristic of living organisms is associated with food intake. 

3. True or False? All living things have cells. 

4. Name 2 parts of the animal cell. 

5. Name 2 parts of the plant cell. 

6. What is photosynthesis?

7. How does photosynthesis help the environment?

8. What is another name for sugar?

9. What is the purpose of the stomata?

10. What is the name of the green substance which is responsible for the colour of plats' leaves. 

What is nutrition? 

Nutrition is the science of how the body uses food. 

Plants make their own food with the Sun’s help. Animals, including humans, do not. Instead, they eat food to get what their bodies need to live and grow.

Calories

Food gives the body the energy it needs for everything it does, from repairing damaged cells to sleeping. 

A calorie is a unit for measuring the amount of energy that food can produce when taken into the body. 

The more calories something has, the more energy it can provide for the body. 

When a person eats more food than the body needs, the body changes the extra calories into fat. Eating fewer calories than the body needs will cause a person to lose weight.

The number of calories needed by people each day depends on how much energy their bodies use. For example, an athlete usually needs more calories than an adult who works at a desk all day.

Tuesday, October 11, 2022

Nutrients 

What are nutrients?

Nutrients are the substances in food that our bodies process to enable it to function. 

Your nutrient requirements are influenced by factors including your age, growth stage, and activity.

Nutrients can generally be broken into two categories:

MACRONUTRIENTS – carbohydrates, protein, fats;

and

MICRONUTRIENTS – vitamins and minerals such as calcium, iron, and vitamin C.

Macronutrients make up a majority of our diets and provide energy for us to move and function. Micronutrients, on the other hand, are chemical substances that we require in small amounts for healthy growth and development.

Draw this

THE MACRONUTRIENTS

Friday, October 14, 2022

Micronutrients are substances such as vitamins and minerals that are necessary in our diets.  Although needed in only small amounts, they are essential for health. The consequences of their absence are severe, impacting in particular on children’s physical growth, mental development, and immune function.

Vitamin A

Tuesday, October 18, 2022

Vitamin B (Complex)

Sources of Vitamin B 

 Top sources of B vitamins include meat (especially liver), seafood, poultry, eggs and dairy products. Leafy greens like spinach ad brocolli are also very high in Vitamin B.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin. This means that it dissolves in water and is delivered to the body’s tissues but is not well stored, so it must be taken daily through food or supplements. 

Sources of Vitamin C 

Fruits and vegetables are the best sources of this vitamin.

Citrus (oranges, kiwi, lemon, grapefruit)

Bell peppers

Strawberries

Tomatoes

(Only draw 3 of these)

Homework - Create a food journal and group each item under the proper heading.

breakfast - 

Lunch - 

Dinner

STOP THE VIDEO AT 1:25

1. Give a definition for the word vitamins. 

2. What can happen if a person is lacking Vitamin A?

3. Which 2 vitamins help to prevent cell damage?

4.Lack of Vitamin D can cause _____________

5. Vitamin K helps ______________________

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is a nutrient that's important to vision, reproduction, and the health of your blood, brain and skin. It acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage.

Answer the following questions in short:
1. Name the major nutrients in our food.
2. Name the following:
(a) The nutrients which mainly give energy to our body.
(b) The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.
(c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eyesight.

3. Name two foods each rich in:
(a) Fats ………………. ……………….
(b) Dietary fibre ……………. ……………….
(c) Protein …………….. ………………..

4. Samir and Adul are 11-year-old boys. They are very active and spend lots of time outside playing. Create a meal plan for them for one day. It should include breakfast, lunch a snack and dinner. 

Read the passage below carefully and answer the questions that follow in complete sentences. 

Green plants need three things to manufacture food: water, carbon dioxide and light energy. Roots play an important role in transporting water for the manufacturing of food. Root hairs grow near the tips of roots. Almost all the water taken in by roots is taken in by the root hairs. From the roots, water is transported to the stem and then to all parts of the plant. The root also helps to anchor the plant in the soil and to store food. Besides water, plants need carbon dioxide to manufacture food. 

Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through small openings on the underside of the leaf called stomata. Plants have adapted to having stomata closed at night and reopen with the sunrise. The stomata open during the day to allow the plant to absorb carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis. Stomata also help the plant to regulate water by releasing excess water from the leaf via transpiration. For some plants these tiny holes are closed during the night to avoid loss of excess water and because carbon dioxide absorption has less benefit. 

Light energy is the third thing needed for plants to make food. Most leaves are flat and thin. This allows light to reach the food-making cells inside the leaf. 

1. Write three things that green plants need in order to manufacture food. 

2. According to the passage, how important are the roots?

3. State two substances that are taken in and /or released by the stomata. 

4. What is ‘transpiration’? 

5. If the stomata are closed could the plant manufacture food? 

Give a reason for your answer.

 6. Why are most leaves flat and thin?

 7. What do you think will happen if plants do not manufacture food?

Tuesday, November 1, 2022

Activity 1:

Using the following food chain, answer the questions below.

a. What type of organism is the grass? _____________________________

b. Which animal is a herbivore or primary consumer? ___________________________

c. What would happen to the population of rabbits, if the population of foxes increased?

Activity 2:

Construct a food chain. Label the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer. 

An owl eats a snake, the snake eats a squirrel, and the squirrel ate a nut.

Activity 3:

Watch the video below.

Pay attention to all the sea creatures mentioned. Then, create an aquatic food chain based on the animals mentioned. You may work quietly together. 

Independent Study

Every organism needs to obtain energy in order to live. For example, plants get energy from the sun, some animals eat plants, and some animals eat other animals.

A food chain is a sequence of who eats whom in a biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition. A food chain starts with the primary energy source, usually the sun. 

1. What travels through a food chain or web?

2. What is the ultimate energy for all life on Earth?

3. The 1st organism in a food chain must always be what type of organism?

4. Define herbivore and give 3 examples. 

5. Herbivores are also called __________________.

6. What are animals called that feed on herbivores?

7. Secondary consumers are eaten by larger __________ .

8. ___________________ consumers eat secondary consumers. 

Draw & complete: 

Activity 2: https://www.nagwa.com/en/worksheets/295181509468/

A drug is a substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body. Some drugs are beneficial, while others are harmful.

Some drugs are illegal, or must only be prescribed by a doctor. Some prescription drugs are misused and taken for recreational use, rather than for medical reasons.

 

Drugs can be addictive. This means they make you feel like you can’t live without them, even though they may be causing damage to your body.

Cigarette smoke

Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, including approximately 69 known cancer-causing chemicals as well as over 400 other poisons.

Effects of smoking

1. Damages the teeth.

2. Damages the lungs and can cause cancer

3. Causes heart disease

Wednesday,

November 11, 2022

Your friends at your football club have started stealing cigarettes from older relatives to smoke. 

Create a poster warning them about the dangers of cigarette smoking. You may draw, color, etc to get your point across.  

Why Do People Use Drugs?

People may use drugs for a variety of reasons, such as:

• Peer pressure - or looking to 'belong' to a certain group
• Relaxation or pleasure - to relax or feel more lively and friendly
• Curiosity - wondering about a drug's effect or a desire to experiment
• To boost self-esteem - attempting to feel stronger or more self-confident
• As a coping mechanism - to deal with stress or forget about problems
• As a way to rebel - against parents and/or authorities
• Mental illness
• Boredom

ALCOHOL ABUSE

1. Read the questions. 

2. Watch the video twice if necessary. 

3. Answer the questions. 

1. What is the scientific name of alcohol?

2. How does alcohol affect a person according to how much they have eaten?

3. Name 2 major organs which are directly affected by alcohol. 

4. What is the name of the substance released in the brain which gives alcohol users a 'dosage of pleasure'? 

5. Who gets drunk faster? A man or woman? Why?

6. What can happen to a person who drinks lots of alcohol?

Caffeine is a drug found naturally in the leaves and seeds of many plants.

** Caffeine is considered the most commonly used psychoactive

drug in the world.**

Caffeine gives most people a temporary energy boost and improves mood.

Marijuana—also called weed, herb, pot, ganja, Mary Jane, and many other slang terms—is a mixture of the dried flowers of the Cannabis plant. 

The chemical that causes intoxication or the “high” in users is called THC.

 THC creates the mind-altering effects that classifies marijuana as a “drug.”

Some people smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints; in pipes, water pipes (sometimes called bongs), or in blunts (marijuana rolled in cigar wraps). Marijuana can also be used to brew tea and, particularly when it is sold or consumed for medicinal purposes, is frequently mixed into foods (edibles) such as brownies, cookies, or candies.

Effects of Marijuana Use

1. Give one reason why a person may use drugs. 

2. Which drug comes from the cannabis plant?

3. What is the name of the ingredient i cigarette smoke that produces a 'high' feeling?

4. Apart from smoking, how else is marijuana consumed?

Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant. 

Cocaine’s effects appear almost immediately after a single dose and disappear within a few minutes to an hour. Small amounts of cocaine usually make the user feel euphoric, energetic, talkative and mentally alert. 

The drug can temporarily decrease the need for food and sleep. Some users find that cocaine helps them perform simple tasks more quickly. 

Short-term effects of cocaine use include dilated pupils and increased body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure.

 Large amounts of cocaine may intensify the user’s high but can also lead to bizarre, erratic, and violent behavior.

What is digestion?

Digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down into smaller parts so that the body can use them to build and nourish cells and provide energy.

In humans, the different parts of the digestive system make up what is called the digestive tract. The digestive tract begins with the mouth and ends at the anus.

The digestive tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube consisting of the following:

• Mouth.
• Esophagus.
• Stomach.
• Small intestine.
• Large intestine.
• Rectum.
• Anus.

Work together to solve:

a. 
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/Natural_Science/Digestive_system/The_Digestive_system_tc2658892px 

b. 

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/Science/Digestive_system/Digestive_2_rf1637517ho

The human digestive system

It takes around 24 hours for food to wind its way through the nine-meter-long digestive tract.

On its trip, it’s mixed with acids and digestive juices, and squeezed until all the nutrients that the body needs are absorbed.

Mouth

Up to 28  teeth break food into smaller bits. Meanwhile, the tongue keeps moving the food around, shifting it to the type of teeth that will be best at munching it. It also squeezes the chewed food into lumps, pushing it back towards the throat. 

When you swallow, a little flap of cartilage called the epiglottis closes off the windpipe so food doesn’t go down there by mistake.

The salivary glands produce most of the slimy liquid in your mouth. This saliva moistens food, making it easier to swallow. It’s also full of chemicals called enzymes that help to break down food.

Fast fact: Your salivary glands can produce up to six cups of saliva per day!

Oesophagus

This 25cm-long tube contracts to shift chewed food down to your stomach. 

The squeezing motion of the muscles is called peristalsis and it occurs throughout the digestive system. A slimy mucus is also oozed from the oesophagus to help the food on its way.

Fast fact: Thanks to peristalsis, food would get to your stomach even if you were standing on your head!

Stomach

This stretchy muscular bag is about the size of a tennis ball when it’s empty, but expands to the size of a football to store a meal. 

As soon as food reaches, the stomach lining releases digestive juices and acid that break down the food even more, killing harmful bacteria. 

Muscles mix  food together with the juices until it is ready to be squirted into the small intestine. 

Fast fact: The acid in your stomach is so strong it could dissolve an iron nail!* To stop your stomach digesting itself, it’s lined with a protective mucus, and your stomach cells are replaced every few days.