Every day we produce different kinds of garbage. In our homes, entertainment places,
restaurants and factories, garbage piles up quickly. Factories produce both solid and
liquid waste. Smoke from chimneys pollutes the air and makes it unpleasant and dirty.
It is difficult to get rid of waste. In big cities, enormous sums of money are spent
in getting rid of trash. Some of it is buried or burnt and portions of it are dumped
into the ocean.
The main problem of garbage is the harm it does to our environment. Solid waste is
sometimes blown by heavy winds. The odour it gives off is unhealthy. Garbage dumps
are infested with rats, insects and vultures making a search for food. Burning causes
poisonous gases to spread easily in the air. Waste matter thrown into the sea pollutes
the water and destroys life. As the problem grows, it is a task which we cannot forget.
Recycling of trash or garbage helps to solve the problem. Recycling means that the
garbage will be made into something that can be used again. For example, paper can
be ground up and made into new paper. Steel and aluminium can be melted down and
made into new cans. Glass can be done over and over again. Plastics can be melted down
and formed into park benches, fences and playgrounds. All these kinds of recycling
will help us save the environment.
Name two places where garbage may pile up quickly.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
How does smoke affect the surroundings?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
How do cities get rid of garbage?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
In what ways does solid waste affect the environment?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
How is the sea affected by waste matter?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
What does recycling mean?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
What kinds of garbage can be recycled?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Activity 1: Share your screen
https://mrnussbaum.com/word-ops-online-game
Activity 2: Finding the Main Idea
Objective/Learning Target:
I can:
● Explain the main idea of a text and
● Explain the relationship between the main idea and
supporting evidence
● write responses using complete sentences with
standard spelling, punctuation, and grammar
A main idea is the most important idea or claim that a text communicates. The details in a text support, prove or illustrate the main idea.
● The main idea does not include specific details.
● The main idea includes the who, what, when, and where with the most important point.
How do you determine the main idea when reading
Nonfiction?
-ideas that are repeated
-details from the article all connect back
to the main idea
-what do the details all have in common?
-mentioned in the title
Watch this news video that gives a quick overview of what started happening to the Brazilian rainforest a couple of months ago:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeMkfTr2_FM
Complete a quick paragraph that addresses the following questions:
1) What do you know about the term “deforestation?”
2) What is happening to the rainforest in Brazil? Why is it happening?
3) What is your opinion about what is happening? Write for 2-3 Minutes!
Activity 2: (If time allows)
https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/Reading/Main_idea/Reading_hx1495568uj
Saturday, February 11, 2023
https://mrnussbaum.com/word-ops-online-game
Count yourself lucky if you get an opportunity to study abroad. However, there are those who are afraid to leave the comfort of home for fear they cannot fit into the new environment.
It is not difficult to adapt to a new place if you know what to do and what to look out for. When you are overseas, you will encounter many new things and experiences. You might even need to adopt certain practices which may be totally different from yours. It would be easier for you if you keep an open mind. However, while keeping an open mind is important, you must know what's right for you, what your values are and stick to them. You also need to be disciplined, as you are now left very much on your own and are responsible for your own self.
Whenever possible, as long as it does not interfere with your studies, have fun and take part in the activities that your university offers. Nonetheless, make sure you are able to manage your social life and your studies. Prioritize on what's most important and make sure you are able to balance everything.
Why are some people afraid to study abroad?
___________________________________________________________________
Why is it important to keep an open mind while studying abroad?
___________________________________________________________________
Why is important to be disciplined?
___________________________________________________________________
Who do you think this advice is for?
___________________________________________________________________
Cause & Effect: The relationship between events. (E.g) I am allergic to shellfish so I don't eat shrimp. (E.g) I was daydreaming about lunchtime so I missed my teacher's instructions. (E.g) I forgot to walk the dog and now he is restless. One cause may have multiple effects. This is where critical thinking comes into play. (e.g) Cause - The electricity at my home is off. Effects - I can't iron my clothes I cannot watch TV The wifi will not work The fans will not work (now I’m sweaty! Complete : Cause: I stayed up all night watching Rihanna’s performance Effect: Now I am tired Cause: My friend beat me at my favourite game Effect:
Cause: I was playing a horror game
Effect:
Cause: I tripped while running down the stairs
Effect:
Cause: I love science
Effect:
Light: What Causes a Rainbow Light is a form of energy that we can see. Light moves in a wavy beam from a source to whatever object it meets. A light beam is wavy, but it only moves in one direction as it travels through the air. It cannot bend, turn corners, or go in a circle. It travels in one direction until it hits an object. Not even the strongest wind can cause a light beam to bend.
Light cannot pass through a solid object. However, light can pass through transparent objects, such as crystal and water. When a light beam hits a transparent object, it keeps going forward, but it slows down. If you look at the place where an object is partly in and partly out of water, it looks like the object bends at the place where it enters the water. This is called “refraction.” Sometimes a beam of light from the sun passes through a cloud made up of tiny droplets of water too small to fall as rain. Hitting the water droplets causes the light beam to slow down. If the light beam hits the droplets of just the right size at just the right angle, the light beam appears to split into layers. We see the color beams within the light beam one at a time, in layers. We see layers of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. We see a rainbow What is the effect of each cause?
(1) I was so parched, I drank a large glass of water. A. hungry B. thirsty C. sleepy
(2) The delightful aroma of the food caused my mouth to water. A. smell B. colour C. wealth
(3) The long walk up the hill was very grueling. A. loud B. tiring C. easy
(4) Does it irritate you when your sister teases you? A. bother B. break C. build
(5) The parking lot was so congested, I could not find anywhere to park. A. empty B. hot C. crowded
Read the following passage..
Cindy Wiggins works at a small supermarket in The Glebe, St George. Her boss, Mr Springer is away on business. One morning while Cindy was chatting on the telephone, a customer rushed into the supermarket.
CUSTOMER: Good morning, Ma’am. May I have a bottle of cough syrup? My little
girl has a very bad chest cold.
CINDY: (removes the telephone from her ear and shouts at the customer) Hold
on you see that I am busy?
CUSTOMER: Please, Ma’am, I am late for work and my wife needs that cough syrup for our little girl.
CINDY: (Stepping back from the customer) Wait, I hope that you and all of your
family don’t have covid!
CUSTOMER: No, we do not! We have all been tested and are negative.
CINDY: Tested or not, don’t come too close to me.
CUSTOMER: I am wearing a mask so you are fine. May, I have the cough syrup,
please?
CINDY: Well, I am afraid that she has to wait. When the Boss is here he works
me like an old mule. Right now, he is not here and nobody is going to
raise my blood pressure .
(Cindy goes back to her telephone conversation. Meanwhile the customer slowly removes
his hat, beard and moustache.)
CINDY: (Cindy is in shock. She drops the telephone and begins to mumble)
So-so-Sorry, Mr. Springer, I didn’t know it was you.
MR SPRINGER: So that is how you treat my customers? No wonder sales have been
falling. You are fired immediately.
Activity 2: https://www.liveworksheets.com/fu2368372ed
Read it aloud when it is finished.
March 7, 2023
Understanding Inferences & Context Clues (Making logical & educated guesses)
Context clues are hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words.
Imagine that you do not kow the meaning of the highlighted word. Underline the clues in the sentence which provide a hit of the word’s meaning.
The bird dove under the water, and came up a minute later with a fish in its
Mouth.
In following with our family tradition, my mother and I go shopping on Christmas Eve every single year.
We have an unexpected visitor. Your uncle just arrived from New York.
The results of his experiment seem to contradict the findings of earlier studies.
****************************************************************************************
Each example below has hints within the passage or sentence to help you figure out the meaning of the word. Read each question CAREFULLY and choose the correct answer.
Speaking rudely to the judges was rash behavior. You really hurt your chances of winning!
In the above context, what does “rash” mean?
a. an itchy skin condition
b. Funny
c. trying to hide or disguise a piece of cheese
d. with little thought or consideration
Wherever he goes, the esteemed Dr. Sanchez is applauded for his life saving research.
What does “esteemed” mean?
a. held over boiling water
b. very old
c. unable to chew gum
d. greatly admired
I believe that if you lower taxes so that people can keep more of the money they earn, it will be an incentive for them to work harder.
What is the meaning of “incentive”? __________.
a. a reason to do something
b. a small amount of money
c. a tax
d. a good job
Removing seeds from cotton plants was a slow job until Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.
What is a cotton gin?
a. a drink
b. a book
c. a machine
d. a cloth
Tough Words
DIRECTIONS: Read the passage. Use an online dictionary if needed to answer the questions.
Elaine often described herself as thrifty. But “thrifty” was hardly an adequate word to describe her condition. She simply refused to spend any money at all. On anything. She did not eat, unless someone bought a meal to sustain her. She did not repair anything about the house, such that her accommodations had become appalling. And she had been wearing the same clothes for thirty years. Her family did not want to humiliate her by calling attention to her situation, but they did insist that she begin therapy.
1. If something is adequate, is it suitable or enough?
2. The word sustain has several meaning. Write the one that applies here.
3. What does appalling mean?
4. What does humiliate mean?
5. What are a few examples of therapies? Which do you think might apply to Elaine?
Choose the right words: bringing Life to your Writing
Rewrite the passage below using more effective words to replace all the underlined words.
Example: I had a good meal. —> I had a delicious meal.
Tuesday 10th May, was the best day of the year for me; it was my birthday. I intended to have a nice time. I got up very early to see what presents I had got. On the table was a nice gift from my Aunt Pearl and a good book from my brother, Mike. The weather was nice so my father decided to take us to the beach. We had a nice trip. We got to the beach at lunchtime. Mother served a nice meal. We met many people who were also having a good time. The sea-water was good, so we had a nice bath. When we got home, we looked at a great show on television. It was truly a good day for all of us.
Write the present tense of the words below to make the sentences complete.
Tommy _______ at 107 Pine Lane. (live)
Bill and Carl _______ to the mountains every year. every year. (drive)
It _______ here in December. (snow)
Mother __________ her baby. (scold)
The class ____________ the teacher. (respect)
Underline the word in brackets which correctly completes each sentence.
There (was/were) a Pokémon card stuck to the refrigerator.
The main source of income for Trinidad (is/are) oil and pitch.
We (has, have) come to see the new furniture.
Rashied (help, helps) Kurt and Linda with the editing of the film.
The swarm of bees (cover, covers) the hive.
Write the correct form of the adjective in brackets to complete each sentence.
My house is ______________________than yours. (big)
A holiday by the sea is ______________________than a holiday in the mountains. (good)
What is the __________________________ place you have visited? (exciting)
The Nile is one of ____________________ rivers in the world (long).
Bill works ____________________ than ever. He wants to get a promotion. (hard)
Complete each sentence by circling the correct homophone.
I can (hear, here) the mail truck coming down the street.
John spent the (whole, hole) day shopping for the perfect gift.
I like mustard on my hotdog, but today I ate it (plane, plain).
(Their, They’re) family attends all the parties
(Where, We’re, Wear) preparing for our tests.
Read this passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Many students enjoy reading a good book. They understand that reading provides many benefits. However, there are a few students who do not appreciate books at all! “Why read?” they ask, “when there is so much to watch on television?” For them the television is more interesting than any book. The screen flickers and changes often, the characters move and speak and the colours add appeal. Books on the other hand, may not even have pictures. You have to use your imagination, which they say “is hard work!”
However, reading offers several advantages over television. First, you can take a book with you anywhere you want. Anywhere means anywhere: on the bus, to the kitchen, in the street, to church, on vacation and even to the bathroom! It would not be so easy to take a television set with you everywhere you go.
Secondly, a book requires no electricity or batteries to provide it with power. There
are no plugs, no switches to turn off or on, nothing to be recharged. You will never be stranded
if the electricity goes or if you don’t have money to buy batteries. Your book will work as soon as
you open it.
Finally, books allow you to use your imagination. You don’t need to depend on the ideas
of a movie or television show producer. You can generate your own movie or television show in your head based on the words in your book.
You can hear the splash and crash of the Essequibo River in Guyana, touch lions in Africa and
smell the market place in Mexico. So what are you waiting for? Pick up a book today, you can take
it anywhere with you, it needs no power and best of all you can create your own ideas.
According to the passage, which statement is TRUE?
All students enjoy reading C. Few students do not appreciate television
B. All students prefer to watch television D. Some students do not appreciate books
22. According to the passage which of the following is NOT a characteristic of books?
A. Books help you to be more creative.
B. Books do not require any energy source.
C. There is no limit to where you can carry a book.
D. There must be pictures in order to understand a book.
23. What is the main point of the passage?
A. The advantages of books B. Television is better than books
C. Places you can see on television D. Places you can read about in books
24. The word generate (line 15) most likely means:
A. great B. create C. watch D. power
25. According to the passage what do some students think is hard work?
A. Reading boring books B. Understanding pictures in books
C. Making the characters move and speak D. Creating pictures in your mind
26. A book about ___________ would give information about the Essequibo River
A. Mexico B. Barbados C. Guyana D. Africa
27. In the last paragraph, how may senses are mentioned?
Five B. Three C. One Four
Each of the following sentences has ONE punctuation mark missing. Choose the correct punctuation from the list below to complete each sentence.
28. What a beautiful day
29. Are you going for ice cream?
30. “Have a seat ” the teacher said.
31. We all live in St. Peter
32. I am going to the doctor, Kyle said.
Choose the correct prefix from below to complete the sentences. Use each prefix ONCE only.
co un im dis mis
33. The travellers were getting ____patient as they waited on the plane.
34. Although I ran fast, I was ____able to catch up with him.
35. I ___like people who tell lies.
36. We must learn to ____exist and live in peace.
37. Tara ____understood the instructions and got the question wrong.
Saturday, April 1
38-43 Complete the passage below by choosing the most suitable words from the list below.
disposed citizens hazard recycled handled drainage disease
Despite may warnings, some ___________________ continue to dump garbage illegally.
This practice poses a ______________________ to public safety. Garbage that is not
__________________ of provides breeding grounds for ________________________-carrying
pests. Additionally, this dumping of garbage also causes flooding by blocking ___________systems.
Read this passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Joan's Diary (Daily write up of Joan's experiences)
September 4: School starts again tomorrow. Since it is the first day, things may
not be quite in order. We may have to do some cleaning and fixing.
I think I'll wear my uniform from last year —No. I must look new, it's
a new year. I'll be in a new classand perhaps I'll have new friends
and classmates.I must therefore wear one of the fresh set of
uniforms mother prepared for me. The holidays were so exciting.
However, I am looking forward to tomorrow.
September 5: I had to get up at 6:30 this morning to prepare for school. I arrived
there before the bell rang. Many of my friends are in my new class.
During the day, I felt so tired that I fell asleep during the math
lesson and I got detention. 1 had to remain in class for 20 minutes
after school to complete the math exercises.
September 6: I guess I'm getting backto normal. No more sleeping in class or
getting detention.Itis also indeed exciting to be at school again,
friends are many and so too are the stories of their adventures
during the holidays.
44. Based on what Joan says in her diary for September 4, it must have been the start of the
(A) new school year. (B) last school term.
(C) new year. (D) second term.
45. Joan was eager to return to school because she
(A) would see her old friends. (B) was going to a new class.
(C) liked to wear her old uniforms. (D) liked to do cleaning and fixing.
46. Which word best describes Joan's holiday?
(A)Boring (B)Long (C)Eventful (D)Exhausting
47. On September 5, Joan did all of the following except
(A) fall asleep in the class. (B) remain in the class after dismissal.
(C) arrive at school before assembly. (D) complete her math during the period.
48. Getting back to normal means the same as
(A) enjoying school life once more. (B) doing well everyday.
(C) taking lessons in the evening. (D) chatting with friends.
49. In the September 4th entry, which word means the same as ‘commence’?
Uniform (B) Start (C) Fixing (D) Forward
50. In line 1, what part of speech is the word ‘since’?
(A) Verb (B) Adjective (C) Pronoun (D) Conjunction
Underline the nouns in each of the following sentences:
51. Jason enjoyed the movie about France. 52. The musicians play marching songs. 53. Music lovers thrill to the sound of trumpets. 54. Boys and girls are often eager to listen. 55. The conductor moves his baton vigorously.
Select the most appropriate preposition from the list in the box below to complete the following passage.
Use each preposition only once.
62. I found my sneakers ________________________the couch.
63. We have been waiting for a reply ________________________ yesterday.
64. Please have your fare ready ______________________ the bus arrives.
65. _________________ all the children on the team, Kayla plays the best.
66. She says she doesn’t like chicken, _______________ she always eats it.
67. My principal is pleased ________________ my performance.
In each of the spaces below, write the appropriate form of the word in CAPITAL LETTERS to complete each sentence. You must SPELL CORRECTLY.
68. You need a lot of __________________ to write a good story (IMAGINE)
69. The children were very __________________ when the teacher came in (NOISE).
70. I had no __________________ in finding the right street . (DIFFICULT)
Read the story below and then answer the questions that follow.
The serpent succeeded in capturing the eagle. The serpent wrapped himself around the eagle's neck. The eagle tried to use his beak and claws to struggle to freedom, but nothing worked. He even lifted his wings to soar into the sky, trying to shake off his enemy, but the serpent's hold only tightened. Slowly, the eagle sank back to earth, gasping for breath.
A hunter witnessed the unequal combat. In pity for the noble eagle, he rushed up and soon loosened the coiling serpent. The eagle was free at last.
The serpent was furious. He had no chance to bite the watchful hunter. Instead, he struck at the drinking horn, hanging at the hunter's belt and into it released the poison of his fangs.
The hunter now, unaware of what the serpent had done, continued on his way. No sooner had the hunter gone a short distance than he became very thirsty and stopped to fill his horn at a spring. As he was about to drink, there was a sudden rush of great wings. Sweeping down, the eagle seized the poisoned horn from his savior's hands and flew away to hide it where it would never be found.
71. How did the serpent capture the eagle?
______________________________________________________________________
72. How do we know that the eagle's struggle to escape was unsuccessful?
______________________________________________________________________
73. Give a word to replace 'witnessed' in paragraph 2.
______________________________________________________________________
74. How did the hunter help the eagle?
______________________________________________________________________
75. What word tells us that the serpent was angry about what the hunter did?
______________________________________________________________________
76. What would have happened if the hunter drank from the horn?
______________________________________________________________________
77. What part of speech is the word 'seized'?
______________________________________________________________________
An adult human has about 206 bones. As people grow, the bones in their bodies are very much alive. Bones are constantly growing and changing along with the person. One way they change is that bones in a young child are very soft, but as people get older, their bones gradually harden. Bones are fully grown and have reached their maturity when someone reaches the age of 25. Bones’ most important functions are to provide support and protection for the body. Bones give the body its shape and also protect sensitive organs like the heart, lungs, and brain. Human bones are very strong, but, no matter how strong bones are, sometimes they break.
A broken bone is called a fracture, which can be painful. When people fracture a bone, they go to the doctor who will try to fix the fracture. The first thing a doctor will do is to take an x-ray to see where the break is. An x-ray is a picture, taken by a special machine, of the inside of your body. Once the doctor has an x-ray, he can see what a person’s bones look like. If it is a complex fracture, the doctor might have to operate to put the pieces back together before putting on a cast. If it is a simple fracture, many times the doctor can use the cast to keep the bones in the right place so they can heal. A cast is made of wet bandages put around the part of your body with the break, and the bandages harden so the bones cannot move.
The human body is very good at fixing itself when a part of it is injured. When there is a fracture, the body sends lots of blood to the area to bring nutrients to the injury. The bones will then use those nutrients and start to grow. The bones will eventually mend together. Once the bones heal, the cast is removed. A special saw is used to remove the cast. The process of removing the cast does not hurt. Although breaking a bone can be scary, it is good to know doctors can help.
78. What are the two most important functions of bones in the human body?
______________________________________________________________________
79. What does the word complex mean as it is used in the passage?
______________________________________________________________________
80. How many bones are in the adult human body?
______________________________________________________________________
81. According to paragraph 1, why are bones described as “alive”?
______________________________________________________________________
82. What must a doctor do first when fixing a fracture?
______________________________________________________________________
83. What is the purpose of an x-ray?
______________________________________________________________________
84. What part of speech is “wet” (paragraph 2)?
______________________________________________________________________
85. Why is blood sent to the area of the body that has been fractured?
______________________________________________________________________
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